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National Institute for Materials Science

National Institute for Materials Science

National Research Institute

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The third magnetic state: racing to build AI-era memory

New Capabilities

Lead institution on ruthenium dioxide research

A team in Japan just proved that ultra-thin films of ruthenium dioxide exhibit altermagnetism—a third fundamental class of magnetism that remained hidden in plain sight until 2019. The breakthrough combines the stability of antiferromagnets with the fast electrical readout of ferromagnets, addressing the core limitation that keeps magnetic memory slow and bulky.

Updated Dec 27, 2025