People’s Republic of China

Rule Changes

Facing growing EU trade defence actions while wielding export controls and vast manufacturing capacity

French President Emmanuel Macron’s December 2025 warning that Europe could slap U.S.-style tariffs on Chinese goods if Beijing fails to curb its ballooning trade surplus with the EU marks a sharp escalation in Europe’s pushback against China’s export‑heavy model. In an interview after his state visit to China, Macron argued that China’s surplus is “killing” its European customers and framed the issue as a “life or death” struggle for EU industry, especially autos and advanced manufacturing.

Updated Dec 11, 2025