Jack in the Box E. coli outbreak (1993)
Undercooked burgers at Jack in the Box restaurants in the western United States were linked to E. coli O157:H7, sickening hundreds of people and killing four children. The company recalled thousands of pounds of meat and faced lawsuits over its cooking standards.
Jack in the Box pulled the contaminated product and adopted stricter cooking-temperature rules, and its sales collapsed for years.
The outbreak drove federal rules requiring pathogen controls and HACCP plans for meat processing, reshaping national food-safety enforcement.
A single food-safety failure escalated from citations to system-wide reform. Here, critical violations at one Brooklyn restaurant put its own permit and operation at risk under the same inspection regime.
