Sender of the letter; head of the papal secretariat
Appears in 1 story
Historical figure; died 1589
A 484-year-old papal letter, written in a numeric cipher with variable-length codes and decoy nulls, has been cracked using simulated annealing, an optimization algorithm from machine learning. The recovered key, 18 letters plus one null, held up whether the ciphertext's first or second half was solved independently.
Updated 2 hours ago
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