Bishop of Tropea; papal nuncio at Charles V's court
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Historical figure
A 484-year-old papal letter, written in a numeric cipher with variable-length codes and decoy nulls, has been cracked using simulated annealing, an optimization algorithm from machine learning. The recovered key, 18 letters plus one null, held up whether the ciphertext's first or second half was solved independently.
Updated 2 hours ago
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