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Tobias Adrian

Tobias Adrian

Financial Counsellor and Director, IMF Monetary and Capital Markets Department

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Emerging markets now depend on fast-moving investors for 80% of foreign debt, IMF warns

Money Moves

Oversees the Global Financial Stability Report

Twenty years ago, developing countries borrowed from international banks; today, roughly 80 percent comes from hedge funds, pension funds, insurers, and other non-bank investors — entities that exit far faster than banks. The IMF warns in its April 2026 Global Financial Stability Report that nearly $4 trillion in cumulative portfolio investment has flowed into emerging markets since 2008, much from institutions with little obligation to stay.

Updated May 30