Detroit municipal bankruptcy (2013)
Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy in July 2013 with about $18 billion in debt, including underfunded pension obligations. The case pitted pensioners against city services and creditors.
The settlement cut pensions for some retirees and reduced cost-of-living increases.
Detroit exited bankruptcy in December 2014, but pensioners and residents absorbed years of cuts.
Chicago's police and fire pension funds cover about a quarter of liabilities; Detroit shows what happens when pension payments are deferred too long.
