Kelo v. City of New London (2005)
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that New London, Connecticut, could use eminent domain to take private homes for a private economic development project anchored by Pfizer. The decision affirmed broad municipal power to condemn property for development.
New London took the property, but Pfizer later left and the development stalled, leaving the site largely vacant.
The ruling spurred legislation in many states restricting eminent domain for private economic development.
Both cases involve local government deciding what gets built on private land. Today's rezoning is far more routine than a taking, but it sits in the same territory: council authority over private property.
