Boston's Big Dig (1991-2007)
Boston replaced its elevated Central Artery with tunnels and rerouted traffic through years of construction. Streets closed, detours multiplied and the project ran over budget and schedule.
Businesses near construction lost access and sales as detours and dust persisted.
The buried highway freed land and changed downtown traffic patterns, but debt and maintenance costs remained.
Long urban road projects can suppress customer access for years before the finished infrastructure delivers benefits.
