E-ZPass electronic tolling (1990s)
Toll agencies began letting drivers mount transponders and pay through prepaid accounts, replacing many cash transactions at booths. Drivers without transponders could still use cash lanes.
Queues fell and agencies gained account billing.
Interoperability expanded across states, and some toll roads later removed cash lanes entirely.
Louisville's rollout follows the same pattern: account or plate billing as the default, with a cash fallback for now.
