Finland's alliance model (2010s)
Finland's Trafikledsverket spent more than a decade using alliance contracts, in which client and contractor share one organization, one budget and one set of risks. The model was applied to road and rail projects where uncertainty made fixed-price contracts unreliable.
Finnish agencies reported closer collaboration and better cost control on complex projects.
The model became an established procurement option in Finnish infrastructure.
Trafikverket studied the Finnish approach in 2023 and built its Swedish variant from it, making Söderköping a direct test of whether the model travels.
