Space Shuttle peak cadence and Challenger (1985–1986)
NASA flew nine Space Shuttle missions in 1985, its busiest year, and marketed the shuttle as a routine, reusable ride to orbit. In January 1986, Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after liftoff, killing all seven aboard and grounding the fleet for nearly three years.
Shuttle flights stopped while NASA redesigned hardware and safety reviews.
The promised airline-like cadence never returned; the shuttle stayed costly and slow to turn around.
It shows how fast a high launch rate can stall after one failure, the main risk to SpaceX's 2026 pace.
