Chinese government agency
Appears in 2 stories
Administers critical-mineral export controls
For more than two decades, China has refined nearly every rare earth element that goes into a smartphone, fighter jet, electric motor, or wind turbine. On May 4, Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese committed up to A$1.3 billion (about US$937 million) to mining and processing projects designed to give Japan a non-Chinese source for gallium, nickel, graphite, rare earths, and fluorite.
Updated 3 hours ago
Enforcement authority for export controls
China controls 70% of rare earth mining and 90% of refining—the 17 obscure elements that power everything from F-35 fighter jets to iPhones. In April 2025, Beijing weaponized that dominance. When Trump announced Liberation Day tariffs, China retaliated by restricting exports of seven rare earth elements. By October, it expanded controls to twelve elements and invoked the foreign direct product rule—the same tool America used to choke China's chip industry—claiming jurisdiction over any product globally that touches Chinese rare earth technology.
Updated Jan 8
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