Ghost kitchen boom and bust (2019-2023)
Companies like Kitchen United and REEF opened hundreds of delivery-only kitchens during pandemic lockdowns, betting on a permanent shift to delivery. As COVID restrictions eased and delivery demand fell, most operators shrank or shut down.
Kitchen United and REEF closed or scaled back many locations by 2023.
The category showed that no-dining-area models work best for established brands testing new areas, not for standalone ventures.
The no-dining-area licence at 35th St is a low-cost way for an established pizzeria to test Chicago without the overhead of a dining room.
