China's 'matryoshka' TV fee campaign (2023)
Chinese viewers complained about nested paid packages, startup ads and menus that older people could not navigate. The NRTA began a campaign against what state media called 'matryoshka' charges, named for dolls nested inside one another.
By the end of 2023, the regulator said startup ads on cable and IPTV had been removed and the longest startup time fell from 118 seconds to 35 seconds.
The campaign's goals were written into the two regulations published in October 2026, making them binding service requirements.
The new rules are the formal version of that campaign, which is why the regulator can point to earlier results as proof the changes are achievable.
