Microsoft invests in OpenAI (2019)
OpenAI, then a small research lab, took a billion-dollar investment from Microsoft to pay for computing. The deal created a capped-profit structure that let the lab raise outside capital while keeping its nonprofit board.
OpenAI used the money to train larger models and launched ChatGPT in 2022.
The Microsoft partnership became the template for AI labs pairing research with a deep-pocketed cloud partner.
DeepSeek's first outside rounds follow the same logic: research labs need capital for compute, and the terms shape who controls them.
