Estonia cyberattacks (2007)
After Estonia moved a Soviet war memorial, distributed denial-of-service attacks knocked out government, bank and media websites for about three weeks. The attacks were widely attributed to pro-Russian actors, though direct state involvement was never proven in court.
Estonia restored services and pushed NATO and the European Union to treat cyberattacks as a security issue.
NATO opened its cyber defense center in Tallinn, and the episode became the template for pro-Russian hacktivist campaigns.
NoName057(16) follows the same playbook: punish a government for a political decision with sustained DDoS attacks.
