Electronification of US equities (1990s–2000s)
Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange moved from floor trading to electronic matching. Decimalization in 2001 narrowed tick sizes and cut the minimum price increment from fractions to pennies. New firms built fast systems to quote stocks.
Spreads collapsed and floor brokers lost ground to screen-based traders.
Citadel Securities, Virtu and other electronic market makers became the dominant intermediaries in US stocks.
LO:TECH is running the same playbook in tokenised and onchain markets: build the fastest infrastructure, then sell execution to institutions.
