USDA identifies food deserts (2009)
The USDA Economic Research Service published 'Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food' in 2009, estimating tens of millions of Americans lived in low-income areas more than a mile from a supermarket. In 2010 it launched the Food Desert Locator, an online map of those neighborhoods.
The maps made food access a named federal policy problem and drew attention to inner-city retail gaps.
The work became the basis for later grant programs steering grocery investment into underserved areas.
North Philadelphia's convenience-store-heavy retail fits the food-access pattern the USDA mapped, which is why a new food-service permit at 4165 N 8th St could expand local options.
