Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (2014)
A Buk surface-to-air missile shot down MH17 over eastern Ukraine on July 17, 2014, killing all 298 people aboard. Investigators tied the launcher to Russian-backed forces; Moscow denied involvement and blocked part of the international inquiry.
Criminal trials in the Netherlands convicted three men in absentia in 2022; Russia never accepted responsibility.
Became a benchmark for how Russia denies and obstructs accountability for civilian strikes in Ukraine.
The current attack on civilian rail infrastructure fits an established pattern of Russian strikes on civilian targets and contested attribution.
