Joint Strike Fighter selection (1996-2001)
In 2001, the Pentagon chose Lockheed Martin's X-35 over Boeing's X-32 for the Joint Strike Fighter program, worth hundreds of billions of dollars over its lifetime. Boeing's X-32 flew first but suffered from design compromises; Lockheed's X-35 demonstrated short takeoff, vertical landing, and supersonic flight in a single airframe. Lockheed went on to build the F-35 in three variants for the Air Force, Navy, and Marines.
Lockheed won the largest fighter program in history, while Boeing lost its bid to extend its fighter line beyond the F/A-18 and F-15.
The F-35 became the backbone of U.S. and allied airpower. Boeing's fighter business shrank, and by early 2025 the company faced the prospect of ending fighter production entirely.
The 2025-2026 sixth-generation awards reverse that outcome. Boeing has locked up both F-47 and F/A-XX, while Lockheed is not building a sixth-generation fighter.
