US visitor visa doctrine under the Immigration and Nationality Act (1952)
The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act required most nonimmigrant visa applicants to overcome a presumption of immigrant intent. A B-1/B-2 visitor had to show a residence abroad and an intent to return. Changing to a work or partner status generally meant leaving the United States and applying from a consulate.
Visitors could not convert a tourist trip into residency from inside the country.
The rule became the standard architecture for temporary-entry visas in many systems: visit means visit, and switching happens offshore.
Australia is moving its visitor visas toward the same logic, separating the visit from any later application.
