da Vinci surgical robot clearance (2000)
U.S. regulators cleared Intuitive Surgical's da Vinci for general laparoscopic surgery. The surgeon sat at a console and the robot copied every hand movement. It decided nothing itself.
Hospitals adopted da Vinci for urology and other procedures, and Intuitive grew into the dominant surgical robotics maker.
Twenty-five years on, mainstream 'robotic surgery' still means a machine that follows a surgeon, not one that acts on its own.
Andromeda is trying to cross the line da Vinci never did: letting the robot handle steps of the operation, not just mirror the surgeon.
