Crazy Horse Memorial (1948-present)
Sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski began carving a mountain memorial to Lakota leader Crazy Horse in South Dakota's Black Hills in 1948. The project, funded by private donations, was a response to Mount Rushmore being carved in the same mountains.
The face of Crazy Horse was completed in 1998, 50 years after work began.
The memorial remains unfinished today, a symbol of the long, underfunded arc of Indigenous monument-building.
Shows how Indigenous monuments often take decades and sustained fundraising, a contrast to the two-year timeline Boston hopes for.
