Eyewear Consolidation: Luxottica Builds Vertical Monopoly
Italian eyewear company Luxottica executed a three-decade consolidation strategy, acquiring manufacturers (Ray-Ban, Oakley), retailers (LensCrafters, Sunglass Hut, Target Optical), and vision insurance (EyeMed). By 2018, Luxottica controlled roughly 80% of major eyewear brands and a massive retail distribution network. The company merged with Essilor, the dominant lens manufacturer, to create EssilorLuxottica—a vertically integrated giant criticized for inflated prices.
Luxottica achieved dominant market position with pricing power across manufacturing, retail, and insurance.
Consumer advocates blamed consolidation for keeping eyeglass prices artificially high; limited competition persists today.
Shows how fragmented service industries consolidate toward oligopoly when private equity and strategic buyers systematically acquire competitors, creating pricing power that hurts consumers.
