Volkswagen diesel settlement (2016)
U.S. regulators accused Volkswagen of selling diesel cars with software that detected emissions tests and switched on pollution controls only during testing, while marketing the cars as clean. The Federal Trade Commission joined the case and negotiated consumer relief.
Volkswagen agreed to buy back or modify nearly half a million two-liter cars and set up a consumer fund of roughly $10 billion.
A court-supervised redress fund, rather than a fine alone, became the standard shape of large consumer settlements.
Family Dollar's order follows the same structure: a fund for affected customers plus binding conduct rules and outside review.
