Hurricane Sandy (2012)
Storm surge from Hurricane Sandy flooded subway tunnels and power facilities across New York City, including substations and circuit breaker houses. Saltwater damaged electrical equipment and knocked out service on several lines.
The MTA began years of repairs to flooded power facilities.
The storm accelerated a push to harden power infrastructure, but much of the equipment remained beyond its useful life.
The current design program continues repairs to facilities exposed to Sandy-era flooding and aging equipment.
