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Big Pharma's vaccine land grab

Big Pharma's vaccine land grab

Money Moves
By Newzino Staff | |

As aging populations drive a $37 billion adult immunization boom, pharmaceutical giants are buying their way into the market

June 1st, 2025: Curevo Enrolls First Patients in Phase 2 Extension

Overview

Sanofi dropped $2.2 billion on December 24, 2025 to acquire Dynavax, a California biotech with a two-dose hepatitis B vaccine and a shingles shot in development. The 39% premium signals desperation: Sanofi is playing catch-up in a vaccine market projected to hit $37.2 billion by 2033, driven by the largest aging population in human history. By 2050, 2.1 billion people will be over 60β€”triple the population over 80. The deal is expected to close in Q1 2026 pending Hart-Scott-Rodino antitrust clearance and other customary regulatory approvals.[1]

This isn't an isolated deal. It's the latest move in a consolidation wave reshaping the vaccine industry while new competitors emerge. GSK controls 94% of the $4.9 billion shingles market with Shingrix. Curevo raised $110 million in March 2025 and launched Phase 2 extension trials of amezosvatein, a shingles vaccine showing zero severe side effects versus Shingrix's debilitating reactogenicity. Merck paid $9.2 billion for Cidara's flu antiviral. PwC's 2026 M&A outlook identifies the Sanofi-Dynavax deal as emblematic of pharma's strategy to fill critical pipeline gaps and reposition portfolios against patent cliffs.[3] The pattern is clear: Big Pharma sees vaccine portfolios as insurance against patent cliffs, and they're buying every promising asset in sight before rivals do.

Key Indicators

$2.2B
Sanofi-Dynavax Deal Value
39% premium over prior close, doubling Sanofi's adult vaccine capabilities
46%
HEPLISAV-B Market Share
Dynavax's hep B vaccine now captures nearly half the U.S. market
$37.2B
Adult Vaccine Market by 2033
Up from $21.8B in 2024, fueled by aging demographics and immunosenescence
2.1B
Global Population 60+ by 2050
Nearly doubling from 1B in 2020, with 80+ cohort tripling to 426M
94%
GSK's Shingrix Dominance
Near-monopoly on $4.9B shingles market creates acquisition urgency

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People Involved

Ryan Spencer
Ryan Spencer
CEO, Dynavax Technologies (Leading company through $2.2B acquisition by Sanofi)
Thomas Triomphe
Thomas Triomphe
Executive Vice President, Vaccines, Sanofi (Leading Sanofi's vaccine expansion strategy)

Organizations Involved

Sanofi
Sanofi
Pharmaceutical Company
Status: Acquiring Dynavax to strengthen adult vaccine portfolio

French pharma giant racing to build a €10 billion vaccine business by 2030 through aggressive M&A.

Dynavax Technologies
Dynavax Technologies
Biopharmaceutical company
Status: Being acquired by Sanofi for $2.2 billion

California biotech that built a hepatitis B vaccine franchise and supplies adjuvants to vaccine makers globally.

GSK (GlaxoSmithKline)
GSK (GlaxoSmithKline)
Multinational pharmaceutical company
Status: Market leader in adult vaccines, defending shingles monopoly

British pharma giant controlling 94% of the shingles vaccine market with Shingrix, setting the competitive bar Sanofi aims to challenge.

Curevo Vaccine
Curevo Vaccine
Biopharmaceutical company
Status: Developing amezosvatein shingles vaccine with superior tolerability profile, Phase 2 extension ongoing

Biotech developing next-generation shingles vaccine targeting GSK's near-monopoly through superior tolerability.

Merck & Co.
Merck & Co.
Pharmaceutical Company
Status: Expanding infectious disease portfolio through $9.2B Cidara acquisition

Pharmaceutical giant pivoting toward respiratory vaccines and antivirals as traditional small-molecule drugs face patent cliffs.

Timeline

  1. Curevo Enrolls First Patients in Phase 2 Extension

    Clinical Development

    Phase 2 extension trial targeting 640 adults over age 70, head-to-head versus Shingrix, aiming to validate superior tolerability profile in oldest patients.

  2. Curevo Raises $110M for Shingles Vaccine

    Financing

    Series B round led by Medicxi with participation from OrbiMed, Sanofi Ventures, and others to advance amezosvatein through Phase 2 extension and prepare for Phase 3 pivotal trials.

  3. Curevo Reports Sustained Amezosvatein Immunogenicity

    Clinical Development

    Updated Phase 2 data shows amezosvatein antibody levels remained non-inferior to Shingrix one year after second dose, with zero Grade 3 side effects vs 19.1% Grade 2+ systemic reactions for Shingrix.

  4. Merck Acquires Cidara for $9.2 Billion

    Acquisition

    Merck pays $221.50/share for Cidara Therapeutics to gain CD388, a late-stage flu antiviral candidate positioning as universal alternative to traditional flu vaccines.

  5. Sanofi Announces Dynavax Acquisition

    Acquisition

    Sanofi agrees to acquire Dynavax for $15.50/share cash ($2.2B total), adding HEPLISAV-B and shingles candidate to portfolio. Stock surges 39%.

  6. HEPLISAV-B Achieves Record Revenue

    Commercial Milestone

    Dynavax announces preliminary Q4 2024 results: HEPLISAV-B achieved record annual revenue of $268.4 million, reflecting 26% year-over-year growth.

  7. GSK Reduces China Shingrix Deliveries

    Market Development

    GSK extends Zhifei partnership to 11 years but significantly reduces planned deliveriesβ€”21.6 billion yuan over 2024-2029 vs original 20.6 billion yuan over just 2024-2026, signaling demand concerns.

  8. HEPLISAV-B Hits 46% Market Share

    Commercial Milestone

    Dynavax reports HEPLISAV-B captured 46% of U.S. hepatitis B vaccine market in Q3, up from 44% in 2023.

  9. Dynavax Presents Z-1018 Data at IDWeek

    Clinical Development

    Dynavax presents detailed Phase 1/2 data at IDWeek 2025 conference and announces initiation of Part 2 trial in adults 70+ years old.

  10. BioNTech Acquires CureVac

    Acquisition

    BioNTech announces $1.25 billion all-stock acquisition of CureVac, consolidating mRNA vaccine development capabilities.

  11. Z-1018 Phase 1/2 Shows Superior Tolerability

    Clinical Development

    Dynavax reports positive results: Z-1018 demonstrated comparable immunogenicity to Shingrix with significantly fewer side effectsβ€”12.5% vs 52.6% reported severe local reactions, 27.5% vs 63.2% severe systemic reactions.

  12. GSK-CureVac $1.4B mRNA Deal

    Deal

    GSK enters $1.4 billion licensing agreement with CureVac for next-generation mRNA vaccines targeting flu, COVID-19, and avian flu.

  13. Dynavax Begins Shingles Vaccine Trial

    Clinical Development

    Dynavax doses first patient in Phase 1/2 trial of Z-1018 shingles vaccine candidate.

  14. Novavax-Sanofi COVID Vaccine Partnership

    Deal

    Sanofi and Novavax announce co-exclusive licensing for COVID-19 vaccine and combination shots, signaling Sanofi's vaccine expansion strategy.

Scenarios

1

Sanofi Challenges GSK's Shingles Monopoly by 2030

Discussed by: Industry analysts at FinancialContent, vaccine market forecasters

If Dynavax's Z-1018 shingles vaccine passes Phase 3 trials and demonstrates fewer side effects than Shingrix (which sidelines 1 in 6 patients), Sanofi could capture 20-30% of a market projected to hit $12.9 billion by 2034. The adjuvant technology underlying both HEPLISAV-B and Z-1018 suggests Dynavax knows how to stimulate immune response without the reactogenicity plaguing Shingrix. Success here would validate Sanofi's adult vaccine strategy and pressure GSK to cut pricing or improve formulations.

2

Acquisition Fails to Move Market Share, Asset Write-Down by 2027

Discussed by: Seeking Alpha analysts questioning the premium paid

HEPLISAV-B's 46% market share may represent its ceilingβ€”physician adoption has plateaued despite the two-dose advantage. The shingles candidate remains years from approval, and Pfizer/BioNTech's mRNA shingles vaccine could leapfrog Dynavax's adjuvanted approach. If Z-1018 fails in Phase 3 or mRNA vaccines prove superior, Sanofi overpaid for a single-product company with limited growth runway. Shareholders already signal disappointment that the $2.2 billion price undervalues the pipeline, suggesting both sides may end up dissatisfied.

3

Consolidation Triggers Regulatory Antitrust Review

Discussed by: Healthcare policy watchers, FTC antitrust observers

As Big Pharma acquires vaccine specialists, concentration intensifies in markets critical to public health. GSK controls shingles, Sanofi would control nearly half the hepatitis B market post-acquisition, and mRNA platforms are consolidating around Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. If regulators determine this wave threatens competition or vaccine affordability, the FTC could block the Dynavax deal or impose divestitures. More likely: increased scrutiny on future vaccine M&A, forcing companies to justify acquisitions on innovation grounds rather than market elimination.

4

Z-1018 Captures Premium Pricing Through Tolerability Advantage

Discussed by: Seeking Alpha analysts, vaccine market strategists

The August 2024 Phase 1/2 data showed Z-1018 delivers comparable immune response with 4x fewer severe side effects than Shingrix. If this profile holds in Phase 3, Sanofi could position Z-1018 as a premium alternative for patients who delayed vaccination due to Shingrix's notorious reactogenicity. With 1 in 6 Shingrix recipients experiencing debilitating side effects, a better-tolerated option could command pricing power even without superiority claims, potentially capturing 15-25% market share by avoiding direct efficacy competition while addressing a real patient need.

5

Curevo's Amezosvatein Captures 30% of Shingles Market by 2028

Discussed by: Biotech investors at Medicxi, OrbiMed; vaccine market analysts

Curevo's March 2025 funding and Phase 2 extension trial position amezosvatein as a best-in-class shingles vaccine with superior tolerability. If Phase 2 extension replicates the zero severe side effects seen in initial trialsβ€”versus Shingrix's 19% severe systemic reaction rateβ€”physicians may preferentially prescribe amezosvatein for patients over 70, the fastest-growing demographic. This would fragment the market three ways: GSK defending Shingrix's efficacy advantage, Sanofi offering Z-1018 as mid-tier option, and Curevo capturing the tolerability-sensitive segment willing to pay premium pricing to avoid debilitating side effects.

6

2033 Adult Vaccine Market Undershoots Projections Due to mRNA Disruption

Discussed by: Healthcare forecasters, mRNA platform developers

The $37.2B market projection assumes traditional adjuvanted vaccines continue dominating adult immunization. But mRNA platformsβ€”proven at scale during COVIDβ€”may leapfrog protein subunit vaccines in shingles, flu, and RSV markets. AIM Vaccine received FDA clinical approval for mRNA shingles vaccine in March 2025; Pfizer/BioNTech have undisclosed mRNA shingles programs. If mRNA vaccines demonstrate superior efficacy with faster manufacturing and lower cost structures, traditional adjuvant-based platforms underlying both Dynavax and Curevo pipelines could become stranded assets, making Sanofi's $2.2B bet a value trap rather than strategic insurance.

Historical Context

Pfizer's Acquisition of Wyeth (2009)

2009

What Happened

During the financial crisis, Pfizer paid $68 billion for Wyeth, largely to acquire its vaccine portfolio including Prevnar (pneumococcal). The deal gave Pfizer critical mass in vaccines at a time when primary-care blockbusters faced patent cliffs and pricing pressure.

Outcome

Short Term

Prevnar became one of Pfizer's top revenue generators, validating the vaccine bet.

Long Term

Established the playbook: acquire vaccine assets during market uncertainty to diversify from small-molecule drugs facing patent expiration and political pricing pressure.

Why It's Relevant Today

Sanofi is following the same scriptβ€”facing patent cliffs, it's buying commercial vaccine products and pipeline candidates to sustain growth as traditional drugs lose exclusivity.

GSK's Shingrix Launch Disrupts Market (2017)

2017-present

What Happened

GSK launched Shingrix with >90% efficacy, instantly obsoleting Merck's live-virus Zostavax. Within three years, Shingrix captured 94% market share and generated Β£3+ billion annually, demonstrating how clinical superiority can create near-monopolies in adult vaccines.

Outcome

Short Term

Merck withdrew Zostavax from the U.S. market by 2020, ceding the field entirely to GSK.

Long Term

Every major pharma launched shingles programs to challenge GSK, including Pfizer/BioNTech (mRNA), Curevo (reduced side effects), and now Sanofi via Dynavax acquisition.

Why It's Relevant Today

The Dynavax shingles candidate represents Sanofi's attempt to replicate GSK's playbookβ€”use superior technology (CpG 1018 adjuvant) to differentiate and capture market share from an entrenched incumbent.

COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA Gold Rush (2020-2021)

2020-2021

What Happened

Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna generated $75+ billion in COVID vaccine revenue, proving mRNA technology could produce safe, effective vaccines at unprecedented speed. Traditional vaccine makers like Sanofi watched from the sidelines as biotech upstarts captured windfall profits.

Outcome

Short Term

Big Pharma launched acquisition spree to acquire mRNA capabilitiesβ€”Sanofi bought Translate Bio ($3.2B), GSK partnered with CureVac ($1.4B), BioNTech acquired CureVac ($1.25B).

Long Term

Vaccine development bifurcated into mRNA platforms (faster, flexible) and traditional approaches (adjuvants, recombinant proteins), with companies hedging by investing in both.

Why It's Relevant Today

The Dynavax deal shows Sanofi hasn't fully committed to mRNAβ€”it's diversifying with proven adjuvant technology, betting both platforms will coexist in a market where speed, efficacy, and tolerability all matter.

31 Sources: