EU ATEX directive (1994, revised 2014)
The EU adopted 94/9/EC, later replaced by 2014/34/EU, harmonizing safety rules for equipment used in explosive atmospheres. The framework created zone classifications: Zones 0/1/2 for gases, Zones 20/21/22 for dust.
Equipment makers sought certification to sell across the single market.
Zone 22 became the standard clearance for dust-prone industrial areas, creating a distinct market for certified monitors.
The PFM 20 Ex exists because this regulatory framework makes ATEX Zone 22 certification a requirement for continuous monitoring in areas where combustible dust may appear.
