Superstorm Sandy and the Northeast Corridor (2012)
Sandy pushed seawater into Amtrak's Hudson River and East River tunnels in New York, damaging signal and power systems and shutting the busiest passenger rail segment in the country. Repairs took weeks; the underlying vulnerability took years to address.
Amtrak restored service quickly but ran on damaged infrastructure for years afterward.
The storm turned coastal rail resilience into a planning priority, producing reports and proposals that moved far more slowly than the water did.
Both cases involve saltwater damaging a heavily used coastal rail line, and both produced studies before construction.
