ELIZA (1966)
MIT researcher Joseph Weizenbaum built ELIZA, a text program that matched keywords to scripted responses. A persona called DOCTOR mimicked a psychotherapist by reflecting users' statements back as questions, running on the limited terminals of the time.
Many users confided in DOCTOR and asked to be left alone with it, surprising Weizenbaum, who had intended a demonstration of superficial understanding.
The episode became a founding case study in how readily people treat AI as a social partner, a dynamic at the core of every later conversational product.
ELIZA showed that interaction alone draws people in. Synthesia's Sessions adds a rendered face, a voice, and a two-way channel, testing whether the effect survives when the AI looks and sounds human.
