Cash for Clunkers (2009)
The federal government offered up to $4,500 toward a new, more fuel-efficient vehicle for buyers who traded in an old one. The program required dealers to destroy the trade-ins rather than resell them, so those vehicles left the used fleet permanently.
The program pulled sales forward into a recession summer, briefly emptying dealer lots.
It removed a large block of cheap used vehicles from the road, tightening supply at the bottom of the market for years.
Same mechanism, larger scale: today's used average of roughly $27,000 traces back to cars that were never built during the pandemic, leaving too few cheap vehicles for budget buyers.
