Northeast blackout (2003)
A high-voltage line in Ohio sagged into an untrimmed tree on August 14, 2003, tripping a cascade of failures that cut power to 50 million people in eight U.S. states and Ontario. The blackout traced to insufficient monitoring and a lack of rerouting options.
The blackout killed at least 11 people and cost an estimated $6 billion in economic losses. It prompted new federal reliability standards and closer attention to transmission maintenance.
The event remains the reference point for why transmission redundancy matters: grids need alternate paths so one failure does not cascade.
The GRIT ring's core purpose is to give operators exactly that alternate-path capability, so a fault in one line can be rerouted instead of spreading.
