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SNAP overhaul expands work requirements and cuts food assistance

SNAP overhaul expands work requirements and cuts food assistance

Rule Changes Salt Lake City, UT local

2025 reconciliation bill trims $186 billion through 2034; enrollment falls to 36 million as states take on a 75% share of administrative costs

5 days ago: Pennsylvania reports 234,000 SNAP recipients dropped

Overview

Updated 4 days ago

SNAP is being restructured at its fastest pace since the 1996 welfare reform. Work requirements now reach adults up to 64, parents of teenagers, veterans, homeless people and former foster youth. Roughly 5 million people have already lost some or all of their food assistance, the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities estimates.

The changes come from the 2025 reconciliation bill, which cuts $186 billion from SNAP through 2034, per the Congressional Budget Office. Enrollment fell from about 42 million to roughly 36 million. States took over 75% of SNAP's administrative costs on October 1, 2026, up from half; starting in fiscal 2028 they may also owe part of benefit costs if error rates hit 6%.

Why it matters

Millions of Americans have lost food aid as work requirements expand, and states now cover costs the federal government once paid.

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Key Indicators

$186B
CBO-estimated SNAP cut through 2034
Largest reduction in food assistance in program history, per the Congressional Budget Office.
36M
SNAP enrollment as of June 2026
Down from about 42 million in mid-2025, a 14% drop, per NPR.
5M
Recipients who lost SNAP benefits in a year
Includes more than 1 million children, per the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
900K
Adults 55–64 newly subject to work requirements
Age limit for able-bodied adults without dependents rose from 54 to 64.
600K
Households losing utility allowance
More households must submit actual utility bills instead of standard estimates, cutting benefits.
$17B
Added state administrative costs over five years
USDA's estimate of what the new 75% state cost share means for states and counties.
Soda banned
Utah SNAP soft drink ban
House Bill 403 bars SNAP purchases of soft drinks in Utah, effective January 1, 2026.

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Organizations Involved

Timeline

July 2025 October 2026

8 events Latest: 5 days ago
Tap a bar to jump to that date
  1. Pennsylvania reports 234,000 SNAP recipients dropped

    Latest Data

    About 106,000 lost benefits because of work requirements, including 36,000 in Philadelphia. Children made up 29% of those cut.

  2. USDA work-requirement page contradicts its own 2025 law guidance

    Policy

    The agency's consumer page says the work rule applies to ages 18-54 and lists veterans, homeless people and former foster youth as exempt, despite the law removing those exemptions.

  3. New SNAP rules take effect for the fiscal year

    Policy

    Deseret News reports that expanded work requirements now apply to millions of recipients and states face new administrative and benefit costs.

  4. States take on 75% of SNAP administrative costs

    Policy

    The federal share of running SNAP dropped from 50% to 25%, shifting roughly $17 billion in costs to states over five years under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

  5. SNAP enrollment falls to about 36 million

    Data

    Participation dropped from about 42 million in mid-2025 to roughly 36 million as of June, per NPR. Most of the decline followed the 2025 law.

  6. SNAP enrollment drops to 38 million

    Data

    Participation falls about 10% from roughly 42 million in June 2025 as eligibility restrictions and work requirements take hold.

  7. Utah soda ban takes effect

    State Policy

    Utah's House Bill 403 bars SNAP purchases of soft drinks, making Utah the first state with such a restriction.

  8. Reconciliation bill cuts SNAP by $186 billion

    Legislation

    Congress passes and Trump signs the 'Big Beautiful Bill,' expanding work requirements, restricting immigrant eligibility and cutting SNAP funding through 2034.

Scenarios

1

SNAP rolls drop below 35 million as work requirements expand

Likely Resolves by Q3 2027

Discussed by: Congressional Budget Office and anti-hunger groups such as the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities

The expanded work requirements add roughly 5 million people to the pool of recipients who must work or train 20 hours a week to keep benefits. With waivers allowed only where unemployment exceeds 10%, more able-bodied adults hit the three-month time limit. Participation falls below 35 million by the end of fiscal year 2027.

2

States refuse the first-ever SNAP cost-sharing

Possible Resolves by Q1 2028

Discussed by: state budget offices and the National Governors Association

In fiscal year 2028, states must begin paying a share of food benefit costs, a first in SNAP's history. Budget-strained states may delay or refuse to fund the required share, creating a standoff with USDA and forcing the agency to withhold or adjust payments. Some states may scale back their programs rather than pay.

3

Court blocks expanded SNAP work requirements

Possible Resolves by End of 2027

Discussed by: legal challenges from civil rights and anti-hunger organizations

Advocacy groups and some states sue over the reconciliation bill's SNAP provisions, arguing USDA lacks authority to implement the expanded requirements or that the cuts violate statutory procedures. A federal court issues an injunction halting the work requirement expansion, at least temporarily, while the case proceeds.

Historical Context

3 moments from history that rhyme with this story — and how they unfolded.

August 1996

1996 Welfare Reform (PRWORA)

President Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, which imposed a three-month time limit on food stamps for able-bodied adults without dependents and barred most legal immigrants from receiving food assistance.

Then

Food stamp rolls fell by roughly half over the following decade as time limits and eligibility restrictions took hold.

Now

The work requirement became a permanent fixture, waived only during recessions and in high-unemployment areas.

Why this matters now

The 2025 reconciliation bill extends the same work-requirement logic to far more recipients and again restricts immigrant eligibility.

February 2014

2014 Farm Bill SNAP Cuts

Congress cut about $8.6 billion from SNAP over a decade, mostly by closing the 'heat-and-eat' loophole that let households use utility allowances to boost their benefit amounts.

Then

Roughly 850,000 households in cold-weather states lost an average of about $90 a month in benefits.

Now

Benefit amounts became more sensitive to actual household utility costs.

Why this matters now

The 2025 bill again reduces how utility expenses are counted, cutting benefits for roughly 600,000 households.

December 2018

2018 Farm Bill Work Requirement Fight

House Republicans pushed to expand SNAP work requirements to recipients up to age 59; the provision was dropped in conference negotiations to secure enough Democratic support to pass the farm bill.

Then

SNAP was reauthorized without expanding work requirements, and Congress avoided a partial government shutdown over the issue.

Now

The fight showed that work requirement expansions lacked bipartisan support under regular order.

Why this matters now

The 2025 bill achieved through reconciliation what failed in 2018, bypassing the filibuster to make work requirements the central SNAP reform.

Sources

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