Xi Jinping

Driving military modernization toward 2027/2035/2049 milestones

For eleven consecutive years, China has increased its military budget by single-digit percentages that nonetheless outpace its own economic growth. The latest installment—a 7% boost to roughly 1.91 trillion yuan ($275 billion), announced at the National People's Congress on March 5, 2026—sets a new record even as Beijing simultaneously lowered its gross domestic product growth target to a range of 4.5–5%, the least ambitious economic goal since 1991. The gap between military spending growth and economic growth has become the signature of a government that treats armed forces modernization as non-negotiable.

Updated Mar 5

Overseeing the strategic direction of the 15th Five-Year Plan

China adopted five-year economic planning from the Soviet Union in 1953. Seventy-three years and fourteen plans later, the 15th Five-Year Plan unveiled at Beijing's annual Two Sessions on March 5, 2026, represents the clearest break from the growth-first model that powered China's rise since Deng Xiaoping's reforms in the 1980s. Under Xi Jinping, the plan elevates technological self-reliance and economic security, with $70 billion earmarked for semiconductor incentives, as Premier Li Qiang confirmed in his Government Work Report setting the 2026 GDP target at around 5%.

Updated Mar 5

Overseeing strategic shift toward 'high-quality development'

For three decades, China's annual growth target was a formality — the economy nearly always blew past it. On March 5, Premier Li Qiang set the 2026 target at 4.5% to 5%, the lowest figure Beijing has published since it began the practice in the early 1990s. The downgrade from the previous three years' 'around 5%' signals that China's leadership now expects structurally slower expansion for the foreseeable future.

Updated Mar 5

Expected to attend Miami summit

The Group of Twenty has operated by consensus since finance ministers created it in 1999. In December 2026, the United States will host the summit at Trump National Doral Miami—and for the first time in the forum's history, a founding member has been barred from attending. South Africa received no invitation. Poland, which recently became the world's twentieth-largest economy, got one instead.

Updated Feb 11

General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party since 2012

In April 2025, U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods peaked at 145 percent. Nine months later, President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping describe their relationship as 'extremely good' and are planning four bilateral summits in 2026, including Trump's first visit to Beijing since 2017.

Updated Feb 5

Declared 'complete victory' over poverty in February 2021

In 1820, more than 80% of the world's population lived in extreme poverty. By 2019, that figure had fallen to 8.9% at the then-$2.15/day line—a decline of roughly 0.35 percentage points per year sustained across two centuries. In June 2025, the World Bank adopted 2021 purchasing power parities (PPPs), raising the extreme poverty line to $3.00/day; this revised the 2022 rate upward to 10.5% (838 million people) but projects a decline to 9.9% (808 million) by 2025, continuing the historic trend through post-pandemic recovery.

Updated Feb 5

Presiding over unprecedented military purge

Xi Jinping appointed all seven members of China's Central Military Commission in 2022. By early February 2026, only one remains—besides Xi himself. The investigation of Zhang Youxia, Xi's childhood friend and the PLA's most senior combat-experienced officer, marks the most dramatic purge of China's military leadership since the Cultural Revolution. Expert analysis confirms the purge has reached unprecedented scale: the senior ranks of the PLA are now described as "in tatters," with the CMC whittled down to just Xi and anti-corruption chief Zhang Shengmin.

Updated Feb 4

Active - overseeing domestic consumption push

Every winter, China empties its cities. Some 9 billion passenger journeys—more than the total global population—occur over 40 days as hundreds of millions of migrant workers return to their home villages for Spring Festival. This is Chunyun, the largest annual human migration on Earth, and it transforms not just Chinese society but global supply chains that depend on Chinese manufacturing.

Updated Feb 3

Chief advocate for TCM modernization as national strategy

For over 2,000 years, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have diagnosed patients by reading pulses and examining tongues—subjective skills that take decades to master. Now AI systems are doing it in under two minutes. Robots perform acupuncture, machine learning models classify patients by constitutional type, and chatbots trained on classical medical texts dispense herbal recommendations. China has poured 22 billion yuan ($3 billion) into TCM research platforms and aims to deploy AI-assisted diagnosis across village clinics nationwide by 2030.

Updated Feb 1

Advancing strategic ties with middle powers

Canada followed the U.S. in imposing 100% tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles in October 2024. Seventeen months later, Prime Minister Mark Carney flew to Beijing and cut them to 6.1%—the first explicit break with American trade policy since Trump began his tariff offensive. The deal allows 49,000 Chinese EVs into Canada annually in exchange for China slashing canola tariffs from 84% to 15%, unlocking $3 billion in agricultural exports. The quota rises to 70,000 vehicles over five years, with half reserved for models under $35,000 CAD by 2030. Chinese automakers BYD and Chery have already met with Canadian officials about building production facilities on Canadian soil.

Updated Jan 31

In office

In April 2025, average US tariffs hit their highest level since 1943. Nine months later, the global economy is still growing. The IMF's January 2026 World Economic Outlook projects 3.3% global growth—slightly better than feared—as businesses rerouted supply chains, AI investment surged, and a US-China truce pulled tariffs back from their 145% peak.

Updated Jan 21

Faces decision on whether to retaliate

For three months, the world's two largest economies operated under a fragile ceasefire. The Trump-Xi trade deal struck in South Korea last October reduced U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods from a peak of 145% to 47%, while China suspended its rare earth export controls. On January 12, Trump imposed a 25% tariff on all countries doing business with Iran—a measure that primarily targets China, which purchases over 90% of Iran's oil exports.

Updated Jan 14

Directing China's 15th Five-Year Plan infrastructure push (2026-2030)

China just front-loaded $42 billion in infrastructure spending for early 2026—281 projects approved before the calendar even flipped. New airports, cross-sea ferries, reservoirs, and power grids are breaking ground now. Meanwhile, the U.S. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, passed with $1.2 trillion in 2021, has spent just 21% of its funds as of December 2024. The law expires September 2026, and Trump's May 2025 budget proposal seeks to cancel $15.2 billion in unobligated IIJA funding for renewable energy and clean tech. China builds 50,000 kilometers of high-speed rail in 17 years. America debates one line in California.

Updated Jan 11

Committed China to carbon neutrality by 2060

China's CO2 emissions fell 1% in the first half of 2025, extending an 18-month plateau that began in March 2024. This marks the first time clean power generation—not economic slowdown—has driven emissions down in the world's largest polluter, suggesting the peak may finally be structural rather than cyclical.

Updated Jan 9

Directing coordinated military and economic pressure on Japan while rejecting all criticism

What began with Chinese carrier fighters lighting up Japanese jets with radar near Okinawa has mushroomed into a full-spectrum crisis. After China and Russia sent bombers circling Japan, the US flew B-52s with Japanese fighters over the Sea of Japan. Then Beijing struck back economically: on January 6, 2026, China banned all dual-use exports to Japan's military—rare earths, aerospace alloys, advanced electronics—citing Tokyo's "egregious" Taiwan stance. Meanwhile Japanese lawmakers visited Taiwan in droves through December, the Liaoning carrier returned home after six days and 260 sorties, and Japan briefed NATO on what it calls China's deliberate intimidation.

Updated Jan 9

Secured rare earth leverage in trade negotiations

China controls 70% of rare earth mining and 90% of refining—the 17 obscure elements that power everything from F-35 fighter jets to iPhones. In April 2025, Beijing weaponized that dominance. When Trump announced Liberation Day tariffs, China retaliated by restricting exports of seven rare earth elements. By October, it expanded controls to twelve elements and invoked the foreign direct product rule—the same tool America used to choke China's chip industry—claiming jurisdiction over any product globally that touches Chinese rare earth technology.

Updated Jan 8

Balancing North Korea relations while courting South Korea economically

North Korea fired multiple ballistic missiles on January 4, 2026, hours before South Korean President Lee Jae Myung departed for Beijing to meet Xi Jinping. The missiles—traveling 900-950 kilometers at 50-kilometer altitudes—were Pyongyang's first weapons test of 2026 and a clear signal to both Seoul and its Chinese patron: don't make deals without us. Just hours before the launch, Kim Jong Un visited a tactical weapons factory and ordered production capacity expanded by 250 percent to meet 2026's "anticipated requirements."

Updated Jan 4

Ordered PLA ready for Taiwan operations by 2027

On December 29-30, 2025, China executed its largest military drills around Taiwan to date—Operation 'Justice Mission 2025'—deploying 130 aircraft, 22 warships, and live-fire exercises across seven zones encircling the island. Over two days, fighter jets crossed the median line, naval vessels simulated port blockades at Keelung and Kaohsiung, and PLA ground forces conducted coordinated long-range strikes both north and south of Taiwan. The drills escalated on December 30 with 10 hours of live-fire activities in designated 'temporary danger zones,' forcing cancellation of 76 domestic flights and delays to 300+ international flights affecting over 106,000 passengers. China framed the exercises as dual punishment: for the record $11 billion U.S. arms package announced December 17, and for Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi's warning that Tokyo could intervene militarily if Beijing blockades Taiwan.

Updated Dec 30, 2025

Updated 2035 climate targets while renewable curtailment crisis deepens

In August 2023, wind turbines in China's far west nearly crashed the entire national grid. Low-frequency oscillations from poorly integrated wind farms in Xinjiang threatened a blackout across the world's most populous country. Twenty-eight months later, the crisis has intensified: curtailment rates nearly doubled in early 2025—solar waste jumped from 3% to 5.7%, wind from 3.9% to 6.6%—as record installations overwhelmed transmission capacity. Tibet now throws away one-third of its renewable electricity. China's answer: a 750 million volt-ampere AI-controlled smart transformer and over $83 billion in annual grid investment, racing to stabilize a system buckling under its own clean energy success.

Updated Dec 27, 2025

Overseeing military modernization toward 2027 Taiwan capability goals

Chinese hackers have burrowed deep into America's power grids, water systems, telecommunications networks, and transportation infrastructure—not to steal secrets, but to flip a kill switch. The Pentagon's December 2024 report confirms what intelligence agencies have warned: Beijing expects to fight and win a war over Taiwan by 2027, and cyber operations like Volt Typhoon have pre-positioned capabilities to cripple American response by shutting down pipelines, derailing trains, and severing communications between the mainland and Hawaii. In a stunning development, Chinese officials indirectly admitted in a secret December Geneva meeting that Volt Typhoon attacks were linked to U.S. support for Taiwan—the first time Beijing has acknowledged involvement.

Updated Dec 26, 2025

Watching a U.S. policy reversal that may still require Chinese regulatory blessing to matter

The Trump administration just did the thing Washington has spent years swearing it wouldn’t do: let China buy a near-top-tier Nvidia AI chip again. Now a key China hawk in Congress is demanding the Commerce Department explain, in detail, why this isn’t a strategic own-goal.

Updated Dec 13, 2025

Ultimate authority over PLA posture toward Japan and Taiwan

In early December 2025, China’s Liaoning aircraft carrier strike group sailed through waters near Japan’s southwest island chain and into the western Pacific, conducting roughly 100 take-offs and landings of J-15 fighters and helicopters over two days between Okinawa’s main island and Minamidaito and then east of Kikai Island. Japan’s Self-Defense Forces say Chinese fighters repeatedly directed fire-control radar at Japanese F-15s shadowing the group near Okinawa, a step that can signal preparations to fire weapons. Tokyo summoned China’s ambassador Wu Jianghao to protest what it called a dangerous and regrettable act, while Beijing denied the radar targeting and accused Japanese aircraft of harassing normal training.

Updated Dec 11, 2025

Counterparty in U.S.–China trade disputes and soybean purchase commitments

Since 2018, U.S. farmers have been repeatedly caught in the crossfire of Trump-era tariff battles, first in the original U.S.–China trade war and now again under a renewed wave of tariffs on China, Canada, Mexico and others. To blunt the damage from lost export markets and depressed crop prices, successive Trump administrations have turned to large, executive‑driven farm aid programs funded through the Agriculture Department’s Commodity Credit Corporation, starting with a 12 billion dollar package in 2018 and a 16 billion dollar package in 2019.

Updated Dec 11, 2025

Defending China’s export-led growth model and using export controls as leverage

French President Emmanuel Macron’s December 2025 warning that Europe could slap U.S.-style tariffs on Chinese goods if Beijing fails to curb its ballooning trade surplus with the EU marks a sharp escalation in Europe’s pushback against China’s export‑heavy model. In an interview after his state visit to China, Macron argued that China’s surplus is “killing” its European customers and framed the issue as a “life or death” struggle for EU industry, especially autos and advanced manufacturing.

Updated Dec 11, 2025

Overseeing China’s military pressure campaign around Taiwan and the East China Sea

On December 6, 2025, two Chinese J-15 carrier-based fighter jets from the aircraft carrier Liaoning intermittently illuminated their fire-control radar on Japanese Air Self-Defense Force (ASDF) F-15 fighters over international waters southeast of Okinawa, in two encounters lasting roughly three minutes and about thirty minutes respectively. Japan’s defense minister Shinjiro Koizumi denounced the radar lock-ons—which militaries treat as the step immediately before weapons launch—as “dangerous” and “extremely regrettable,” and Tokyo lodged a formal protest with Beijing. Analysts noted this was the first publicly acknowledged fire-control radar lock between Chinese and Japanese military aircraft, echoing a 2013 episode when a Chinese frigate locked weapons radar on a Japanese destroyer near the disputed Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands.

Updated Dec 11, 2025