Masoud Pezeshkian

Signed the 60-day MOU on June 17; offered written guarantee Iran will not build a nuclear weapon at Switzerland talks; Iran threatened to halt talks June 28 following US retaliatory strikes

The US and Iran have traded strikes every day since Trump declared the ceasefire 'over' on July 8 — US Central Command has now hit more than 300 Iranian military targets across three rounds of strikes. The IRGC attacked commercial ships, struck US bases in five Gulf countries, and formally declared the Strait of Hormuz closed.

Updated 10 hours ago

Signed the Islamabad Declaration MOU remotely from Tehran on June 17 as Trump physically signed at the Palace of Versailles; called the agreement a 'historic document' and said peace 'hinges on mutual respect'

The US hit more than 400 Iranian military targets across four strike waves since July 7, with Monday's fourth round striking sites in Bandar Abbas, Sirik, Jask, and Qeshm Island. The IRGC retaliated against US bases in Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, and Oman, claiming to have destroyed HIMARS launchers in Kuwait and radar systems in Oman. Brent crude rose roughly 4% to about $79 a barrel, its highest since June 22.

Updated 13 hours ago

Signed the Islamabad Memorandum remotely from Tehran on June 17; Iran then declared the Strait of Hormuz re-closed on June 20 and suspended nuclear talks in Switzerland on June 19, both citing Israeli strikes in Lebanon

The US, Israel, and Lebanon signed a 14-point Trilateral Framework Agreement in Washington on June 26. It ties Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon to Hezbollah disarmament — Lebanon's army must first deploy to pilot zones, clear Hezbollah out, and pass a US-led assessment. Washington pledged $100 million in aid.

Updated Jul 4

Announced June 29 that $6 billion of the agreed $12 billion Qatar asset tranche would be returned to Iran; US officials said no funds have been released

Indirect talks in Doha closed July 2 with two concrete outputs: a mechanism to buy goods using part of Iran's frozen $6 billion in Qatar, and a channel for flagging MOU violations through Qatar. Both delegations stayed in separate rooms; Qatar and Pakistan shuttled between them. Iran's nuclear program was not substantively addressed, despite Trump telling reporters on July 1 that 'the denuclearization of Iran is moving along well.'

Updated Jul 2

President of Iran; governing alongside new Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, installed March 9 under reported IRGC pressure

Iranian strikes on the UAE resumed on May 4, breaking the April 8 ceasefire, then expanded into the Strait of Hormuz three days later. Iran attacked three US Navy destroyers on May 7; the US struck back the same day, hitting IRGC missile and drone facilities at Qeshm Island and Bandar Abbas.

Updated May 31

Serving on Interim Leadership Council; signaling willingness to negotiate

Japan imports 90% of its oil through the Strait of Hormuz, shut by Iran six weeks ago. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi is attempting what her predecessor Shinzo Abe failed to do in 2019: talk Tehran down from the brink — but with far higher stakes and Trump's Tuesday deadline.

Updated May 30

Leading Iranian government amid massive US-Israeli military strikes

For the fourth time since late February, a ballistic missile fired from Iran crossed into Turkish airspace before NATO defenses destroyed it. The March 31 interception over eastern Turkey followed previous shootdowns on March 4, 9, and 13 — a pattern spanning one month. Turkey summoned Iran's ambassador again, stating 'all necessary measures are being taken decisively' against threats to its territory.

Updated May 30

President; sidelined from succession process; Vice President Aref reported taking over wartime duties

Ali Khamenei ruled Iran as supreme leader for 36 years until joint US-Israeli strikes on February 28, 2026, killed him along with family members and multiple top military and intelligence officials at his Tehran compound. The succession process is now opaque and under fire, with the Assembly of Experts' Qom site damaged, acting leader Ali Larijani facing a power vacuum, and the IRGC interim council trying to preserve control.

Updated May 30

Publicly overruled by IRGC; walked back apology under pressure

Iran's Supreme Leader controlled both the presidency and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) for over four decades. Eight days after a joint United States-Israeli airstrike killed Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, that unified chain of command fractured.

Updated May 30

Leading wartime government after death of Supreme Leader Khamenei

Since February 28, the US-Iran war has expanded to include critical water infrastructure. On March 8, Iran struck a Bahrain desalination plant.

Updated May 30

Overseeing Iran's continued military campaign; no ceasefire negotiations

Dubai International Airport processed 95.2 million passengers in 2025 and became the world's busiest in January 2026. On March 1, Iranian missiles and drones struck its terminals, forcing full evacuation. On March 16—16 days into the conflict—another drone hit a fuel tank, reigniting flight suspensions and forcing additional Emirates cancellations despite partial airspace reopening. Abu Dhabi, Doha, and Kuwait shut down simultaneously on February 28, severing three major Gulf hubs that route long-haul traffic between Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Updated May 30

Leading interim three-person leadership council

The last time the United States sank Iranian warships was April 18, 1988. Thirty-eight years later, American forces destroyed nine Iranian naval vessels in a single day and demolished the country's naval headquarters at Chabahar, on the Gulf of Oman.

Updated May 30

Leading nuclear negotiations while overseeing military rebuilding

In June 2025, Israeli and American strikes destroyed roughly a third of Iran's air defenses in twelve days; leaked Russian documents show Tehran has since spent billions to replace and expand what it lost. The secret €500 million agreement includes 500 Verba shoulder‑fired launchers and 2,500 missiles, long‑range S‑400 batteries, and up to 48 Su‑35 fighter jets; the first 16 airframes are in production for Iran. This mix of advanced and widely dispersed man‑portable air‑defense systems is designed to make any future U.S. or Israeli air campaign far more complex and costly.

Updated May 29

Ordered resumption of nuclear talks with U.S.; commented recent talks yielded encouraging signals while Iran prepares for all scenarios

On February 28, 2026, the United States and Israel launched Operations Epic Fury and Roaring Lion—coordinated airstrikes targeting Iranian military infrastructure, nuclear facilities, and senior leadership. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei was killed in the strikes; his son Mojtaba was elected as the new Supreme Leader on March 8 but hasn't appeared publicly, reportedly recovering from injuries sustained in the same strike. Iran retaliated by closing the Strait of Hormuz, the chokepoint for 20 percent of world oil trade. Pakistan brokered a ceasefire on April 8, but Iran re-closed the Strait on April 18 after the United States refused to lift its naval blockade imposed following failed peace talks.

Updated May 29

Apologized for protest massacres February 11; navigating post-Khamenei war and ceasefire negotiations

The December 2025 uprising was suppressed at massive cost. HRANA's February 23 report, 'The Crimson Winter,' verified 7,007 deaths—6,488 adult protesters, 236 minors, 207 security forces, and 76 bystanders—with another 11,744 cases still under review. President Pezeshkian publicly apologized for the massacres on February 11.

Updated May 26

Faces pressure from both protesters and hardliners

For over two decades, the European Union resisted designating Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organization, wary of severing diplomatic ties with Tehran. On January 29, 2026, that resistance collapsed. All 27 EU foreign ministers voted unanimously to place the IRGC on the same legal footing as al-Qaeda, Hamas, and Islamic State—a designation that triggers automatic asset freezes and travel bans across the bloc. Within hours, the United Kingdom signaled it would follow suit with separate legislation targeting hostile state agencies.

Updated May 23

Lacks control over security forces; credibility damaged by crackdown

Iran's 2022 uprising killed roughly 500 people over several months. The current one has killed at least 6,842 people (possibly more than 30,000) in just over five weeks; leaked documents reveal Supreme Leader Khamenei approved a premeditated crackdown blueprint months in advance.[1][2]

Updated May 23

Caught between acknowledging grievances and backing crackdown

Bazaar merchants bankrolled Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution. Now they're in the streets demanding its end.

Updated May 22

Attempting mediating stance while security forces use lethal force

The Islamic Republic has survived four decades of protests—but never anything like this. What began on December 28 as Tehran bazaar merchants protesting a collapsing currency became Iran's largest uprising since the 1979 revolution, with demonstrations in all 31 provinces.

Updated May 21

Limited authority; proposed budget that sparked protests

Iran's nationwide uprising, triggered by December 28, 2025 bazaar marches in Tehran, was crushed in what may be the deadliest massacre in the Islamic Republic's history. An internet blackout that began January 8 was partially restored around January 17-18, though connectivity remains severely restricted. Early reports confirmed 572 deaths; after internet restoration in late January, the Human Rights Activists News Agency documented at least 6,126 deaths, with estimates ranging from 12,000 to over 36,500.

Updated May 20

Facing protests after proposing budget favoring security over wages

Iran's judiciary chief announced January 14 that detained protesters face fast-track trials and executions, despite Trump's warning of "very strong action." The death toll hit at least 2,571, per Human Rights Activists News Agency — four times the count from two days earlier and more than any crackdown since 1979.

Updated May 20

Pledging economic reform while lacking control over security forces

The Iranian rial lost half its value in six months, prompting merchants—the same traders who toppled the Shah in 1979—to shut down Tehran's Grand Bazaar on December 28. Within two weeks, the strike became the largest uprising since the Islamic Revolution; credible estimates range from 500 to 3,000 dead after a five-day internet blackout, with the IRGC firing live ammunition on crowds.

Updated May 20

Facing third day of largest protests in three years; calls for dialogue ignored

Iran's Central Bank governor resigned December 29 after the rial collapsed to 1.42 million per dollar (a 70% drop during his tenure), triggering the largest street protests in three years. By December 30, merchants had kept Tehran's historic Grand Bazaar shuttered for three days, and crowds in Isfahan, Shiraz, Kermanshah, and Mashhad chanted 'Death to the Dictator' and 'Death to Khamenei'.

Updated May 18

Leading Iran amid renewed international sanctions pressure and maritime enforcement risk

Treasury just hit Iran's oil-smuggling "shadow fleet" where it actually hurts: the ships. On December 18, 2025, OFAC blocked 29 vessels and a web of managers and front-company operators that keep Iranian oil moving when the paperwork is fake and the GPS goes dark.

Updated May 15