Masoud Pezeshkian

Force in Play

Met Pakistan's army chief Munir in Tehran on May 22; Iran reviewing US proposal

The ceasefire reached on April 8 is fraying under live fire. On May 26, CENTCOM struck IRGC mine-laying boats and a missile site near Bandar Abbas; Iran branded it a 'gross violation' and the IRGC claimed it shot down a US MQ-9 Reaper drone — a claim US officials have not confirmed.

Updated 3 days ago

Force in Play

Apologized for protest massacres February 11; navigating post-Khamenei war and ceasefire negotiations

The December 2025 uprising was suppressed at massive cost. HRANA's February 23 report, 'The Crimson Winter,' verified 7,007 deaths—6,488 adult protesters, 236 minors, 207 security forces, and 76 bystanders—with another 11,744 cases still under review. President Pezeshkian publicly apologized for the massacres on February 11.

Updated 3 days ago

Force in Play

Said May 24 that Iran is 'ready to reassure the world' it is not seeking nuclear weapons, but 'will not compromise on Iran's honor and dignity'

US and Iranian negotiators agreed to 'broad principles' of a deal on May 25, with Iran accepting in principle to dispose of its highly enriched uranium and reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Iran's Foreign Ministry said a signed agreement was 'not imminent' and accused Washington of shifting positions — a day after a senior US official described the framework as '95% there.'

Updated 4 days ago

Rule Changes

Faces pressure from both protesters and hardliners

For over two decades, the European Union resisted designating Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organization, wary of severing diplomatic ties with Tehran. On January 29, 2026, that resistance collapsed. All 27 EU foreign ministers voted unanimously to place the IRGC on the same legal footing as al-Qaeda, Hamas, and Islamic State—a designation that triggers automatic asset freezes and travel bans across the bloc. Within hours, the United Kingdom signaled it would follow suit with separate legislation targeting hostile state agencies.

Updated 6 days ago

Force in Play

Lacks control over security forces; credibility damaged by crackdown

Iran's 2022 uprising killed roughly 500 people over several months. The current one has killed at least 6,842 people (possibly more than 30,000) in just over five weeks; leaked documents reveal Supreme Leader Khamenei approved a premeditated crackdown blueprint months in advance.[1][2]

Updated 6 days ago

Force in Play

Caught between acknowledging grievances and backing crackdown

Bazaar merchants bankrolled Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution. Now they're in the streets demanding its end.

Updated 7 days ago

Force in Play

President of Iran; governing alongside new Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, installed March 9 under reported IRGC pressure

Iranian strikes on the UAE resumed on May 4, breaking the April 8 ceasefire, then expanded into the Strait of Hormuz three days later. Iran attacked three US Navy destroyers on May 7; the US struck back the same day, hitting IRGC missile and drone facilities at Qeshm Island and Bandar Abbas.

Updated 7 days ago

Force in Play

Attempting mediating stance while security forces use lethal force

The Islamic Republic has survived four decades of protests—but never anything like this. What began on December 28 as Tehran bazaar merchants protesting a collapsing currency became Iran's largest uprising since the 1979 revolution, with demonstrations in all 31 provinces.

Updated May 21

Force in Play

Limited authority; proposed budget that sparked protests

Iran's nationwide uprising, triggered by December 28, 2025 bazaar marches in Tehran, was crushed in what may be the deadliest massacre in the Islamic Republic's history. An internet blackout that began January 8 was partially restored around January 17-18, though connectivity remains severely restricted. Early reports confirmed 572 deaths; after internet restoration in late January, the Human Rights Activists News Agency documented at least 6,126 deaths, with estimates ranging from 12,000 to over 36,500.

Updated May 20

Force in Play

Facing protests after proposing budget favoring security over wages

Iran's judiciary chief announced January 14 that detained protesters face fast-track trials and executions, despite Trump's warning of "very strong action." The death toll hit at least 2,571, per Human Rights Activists News Agency — four times the count from two days earlier and more than any crackdown since 1979.

Updated May 20

Force in Play

Pledging economic reform while lacking control over security forces

The Iranian rial lost half its value in six months, prompting merchants—the same traders who toppled the Shah in 1979—to shut down Tehran's Grand Bazaar on December 28. Within two weeks, the strike became the largest uprising since the Islamic Revolution; credible estimates range from 500 to 3,000 dead after a five-day internet blackout, with the IRGC firing live ammunition on crowds.

Updated May 20

Force in Play

Facing third day of largest protests in three years; calls for dialogue ignored

Iran's Central Bank governor resigned December 29 after the rial collapsed to 1.42 million per dollar (a 70% drop during his tenure), triggering the largest street protests in three years. By December 30, merchants had kept Tehran's historic Grand Bazaar shuttered for three days, and crowds in Isfahan, Shiraz, Kermanshah, and Mashhad chanted 'Death to the Dictator' and 'Death to Khamenei'.

Updated May 18

Force in Play

Leading Iran amid renewed international sanctions pressure and maritime enforcement risk

Treasury just hit Iran's oil-smuggling "shadow fleet" where it actually hurts: the ships. On December 18, 2025, OFAC blocked 29 vessels and a web of managers and front-company operators that keep Iranian oil moving when the paperwork is fake and the GPS goes dark.

Updated May 15

Rule Changes

Ordered resumption of nuclear talks with U.S.; commented recent talks yielded encouraging signals while Iran prepares for all scenarios

Diplomatic efforts to constrain Iran's nuclear program collapsed into open war on February 28, 2026, when the United States and Israel launched coordinated airstrikes on Iran—codenamed Operation Epic Fury and Operation Roaring Lion—targeting military infrastructure, nuclear facilities, and senior leadership. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei was killed in the strikes; his son Mojtaba Khamenei was elected by the Assembly of Experts as the new Supreme Leader on March 8, but has not appeared publicly since, reportedly recovering from injuries sustained in the same strike that killed his father. Iran retaliated across the region and closed the Strait of Hormuz, the chokepoint through which roughly 20 percent of world oil trade flows. A ceasefire brokered by Pakistan took effect on April 8, under which Iran agreed to reopen the Strait—though Iran re-closed it on April 18 after the United States refused to lift a naval blockade imposed following failed peace talks.

Updated Apr 20

Force in Play

Leading wartime government after death of Supreme Leader Khamenei

Since February 28, the US-Iran war has escalated from military and oil targets to critical water infrastructure across the Gulf, now reaching the United Arab Emirates. Key incidents include a March 8 Iranian drone strike on a Bahrain desalination plant, an April 3 attack on Kuwait power and desalination plants with the Mina al-Ahmadi oil refinery, April 5 strikes on two Kuwait power and water desalination plants plus Bahrain's Bapco oil storage, and April 7 Iranian missiles and drones targeting UAE air defenses and infrastructure. On April 7, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps declared that its prior restraint in targeting oil infrastructure and civilian sites in Gulf states 'no longer applies,' marking an explicit escalation threshold after a US strike on Iran's Kharg Island oil export hub.

Updated Apr 7

Force in Play

Serving on Interim Leadership Council; signaling willingness to negotiate

Japan imports over 90% of its oil through the Strait of Hormuz. Iran shut that strait six weeks ago. Now Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi is attempting what her predecessor Shinzo Abe tried and failed to do in 2019: talk Tehran down from the brink, this time with far higher stakes and a ticking clock set by Washington.

Updated Apr 6

Force in Play

Leading Iranian government amid massive US-Israeli military strikes

For the fourth time since late February, a ballistic missile fired from Iran crossed into Turkish airspace before NATO defenses destroyed it. The March 31 interception over eastern Turkey followed previous shootdowns on March 4, 9, and 13 — a pattern spanning one month that has turned a NATO ally's skies into an unwanted proving ground for the alliance's missile shield. Turkey summoned Iran's ambassador again and hardened its rhetoric, stating 'all necessary measures are being taken decisively' against threats to its territory.

Updated Mar 31

Built World

Overseeing Iran's continued military campaign; no ceasefire negotiations

Dubai International Airport processed 95.2 million passengers in 2025 and overtook Atlanta in January 2026 as the world's busiest airport. On March 1, Iranian retaliatory missiles and drones struck its terminals, forcing a full evacuation and suspending all operations. On March 16—16 days into the conflict—a drone struck a fuel tank near the airport, reigniting flight suspensions and forcing Emirates to cancel additional flights despite partial airspace reopening. Abu Dhabi, Doha, and Kuwait airports shut down simultaneously on February 28, severing the three Gulf hubs that together route a large share of long-haul traffic between Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Updated Mar 16

Force in Play

Publicly overruled by IRGC; walked back apology under pressure

Iran's Supreme Leader controlled both the presidency and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) for over four decades. Eight days after a joint United States-Israeli airstrike killed Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, that unified chain of command has visibly fractured: President Masoud Pezeshkian announced a halt to strikes on neighboring countries and personally apologized to Gulf states for hitting their civilian infrastructure, only for the IRGC to strike a U.S. air base in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) hours later and issue a statement telling the public to 'ignore Pezeshkian's words during the war.'

Updated Mar 8

Force in Play

Leading nuclear negotiations while overseeing military rebuilding

In June 2025, Israeli and American strikes destroyed roughly a third of Iran's air defense network in twelve days. Since then, leaked Russian documents and follow‑on reporting have shown Tehran spending billions to replace what it lost—and then some, including a secret €500 million agreement for 500 Verba shoulder‑fired launchers and 2,500 missiles, plus long‑range S‑400 batteries and up to 48 Su‑35 fighter jets whose first 16 airframes are now reported to be in production for Iran. Analysts say this mix of high‑end systems and widely dispersed man‑portable air‑defense systems is designed to make any future U.S. or Israeli air campaign far more complex and costly.

Updated Mar 7

Force in Play

President; sidelined from succession process; Vice President Aref reported taking over wartime duties

Ali Khamenei ruled Iran as supreme leader for 36 years until joint US-Israeli strikes on February 28, 2026, killed him along with family members and multiple top military and intelligence officials at his Tehran compound, triggering an opaque succession process under fire. With the Assembly of Experts’ Qom site damaged in Israeli strikes and its deliberations driven underground, acting leader Ali Larijani faces a power vacuum in which the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ interim command council is trying to preserve operational control while missiles and drones continue to fly across the region.

Updated Mar 7

Force in Play

Leading interim three-person leadership council

The last time the United States sank Iranian warships was April 18, 1988. Thirty-eight years later, American forces destroyed nine Iranian naval vessels in a single day and demolished the country's naval headquarters at Chabahar, on the Gulf of Oman. The strikes came after Iran attempted to blockade the Strait of Hormuz, the 21-mile-wide passage through which roughly one-fifth of the world's oil supply flows, broadcasting radio warnings that no commercial ship would be allowed to pass.

Updated Mar 1